318 research outputs found
Possible chromospheric activity cycles in AD Leo
AD Leo (GJ 388) is an active dM3 flare star extensively observed both in the
quiescent and flaring states. Since this active star is near the
fully-convective boundary, to study in detail its long-term chromospheric
activity could be an appreciable contribution for the dynamo theory. Here, we
analyze with the Lomb-Scargle periodogram the Ca II K line-core fluxes derived
from CASLEO spectra obtained between 2001 and 2013 and the V magnitude from the
ASAS database between 2004 and 2010. From both totally independent time-series,
we obtain a possible activity cycle of period years and a
less-significant shorter one of years. A tentative interpretation is
that a dynamo operating near the surface could be generating the longer cycle,
while a second dynamo operating in the deep convection zone could be
responsible for the shorter one. Based on the long duration of our observing
program at CASLEO and the fact that we observe simultaneously different
spectral features, we also analyze the relation between simultaneous
measurements of the Na I index (), H and Ca II K fluxes
at different activity levels of AD Leo, including flares.Comment: 21 pages, 3 figures.Accepted for publication in ApJ
Gaia FGK Benchmark Stars: Effective temperatures and surface gravities
Large Galactic stellar surveys and new generations of stellar atmosphere
models and spectral line formation computations need to be subjected to careful
calibration and validation and to benchmark tests. We focus on cool stars and
aim at establishing a sample of 34 Gaia FGK Benchmark Stars with a range of
different metallicities. The goal was to determine the effective temperature
and the surface gravity independently from spectroscopy and atmospheric models
as far as possible. Fundamental determinations of Teff and logg were obtained
in a systematic way from a compilation of angular diameter measurements and
bolometric fluxes, and from a homogeneous mass determination based on stellar
evolution models. The derived parameters were compared to recent spectroscopic
and photometric determinations and to gravity estimates based on seismic data.
Most of the adopted diameter measurements have formal uncertainties around 1%,
which translate into uncertainties in effective temperature of 0.5%. The
measurements of bolometric flux seem to be accurate to 5% or better, which
contributes about 1% or less to the uncertainties in effective temperature. The
comparisons of parameter determinations with the literature show in general
good agreements with a few exceptions, most notably for the coolest stars and
for metal-poor stars. The sample consists of 29 FGK-type stars and 5 M giants.
Among the FGK stars, 21 have reliable parameters suitable for testing,
validation, or calibration purposes. For four stars, future adjustments of the
fundamental Teff are required, and for five stars the logg determination needs
to be improved. Future extensions of the sample of Gaia FGK Benchmark Stars are
required to fill gaps in parameter space, and we include a list of suggested
candidates.Comment: Accepted by A&A; 34 pages (printer format), 14 tables, 13 figures;
language correcte
KIC~8975515: a fast-rotating ( Dor - Sct) hybrid star with Rossby modes and a slower Sct companion in a long-period orbit
{KIC~8975515 is a \emph{Kepler} double-lined spectroscopic binary system with
hybrid pulsations. Two components have similar atmospheric properties (T 7400~K), and one of them is a fast rotator ( versus
32 km/s). Our aim is to study the \emph {Kepler} light curve in great detail in
order to determine the frequencies of the pulsations, to search for regular
spacing patterns in the Fourier spectrum, if any, and to discuss their origin
in the context of binarity and fast rotation. In this paper, we study the
properties of the stellar pulsations based on a careful analysis in the low-,
intermediate- and high-frequency regions of the Fourier spectrum. This is done
by performing repeated frequency-search analyses with successive prewhitenings
of all the significant frequencies detected in the spectrum. Moreover, we
searched for regular period spacings among the modes, as well as frequency
splitting among the and modes. In the low-frequency regime, five
regular period spacing patterns including one series of prograde modes and
four series of retrograde modes were detected. The modes are
well-distributed with respect to the harmonics of the rotational frequency of
the fast-rotating star = 1.647 d. The dominant mode is
= 2.37 d. The strongest p mode, at = 13.97 d,
forms a singlet. In the high-frequency region, we identified two multiplets of
regularly split modes with mean frequency spacings of 0.42 d and
1.65 d. We detected some series of retrograde and prograde modes
as well as two multiplets of modes with frequency spacings related to the
stellar rotation of both components of the twin system KIC~8975515. We
identified the fast-rotating component as a hybrid pulsator with modes and
the slowly-rotating component as a Sct pulsator.Comment: Accepted to publish on A \&
Amphibiomorphic modeled and painted pottery from argentine patagonia and Central-Southern Chile. Functional interpretation and identification of species based on mimetic and aposematic traits
This work aims to identify attributes or features related to endemic amphibians in modeled and painted pottery from central-southern Chile and north-western Argentina. From this work, we were able to identify four species of amphibians represented in certain types of modeled and painted pottery, and we also complemented this data with modern references and ethnohistorical chronicles of the potential use given to this pottery in particular. This contribution postulates that some elements of the black-onred pottery of the Early Ceramic Period of Araucaniá in central-southern Chile and of Patagonia in northwestern Argentina, seek to highlight amphibiomorphic characteristics such as exophthalmia (protruding eyes) and aposematism (brilliant coloring and brightness of the vessel by using an engobe decoration). Based on the ethnohistorical data of the area, it is also proposed that these vessels could be linked to the exclusive use of highly toxic substances. Finally, the results allowed us to explore the close ecological interaction between human groups and woodlands.Fil: Perez, Alberto Enrique. Universidad Católica de Temuco; ChileFil: Schuster, Veronica. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Centro Nacional Patagónico. Instituto de Diversidad y Evolución Austral; ArgentinaFil: Jofré, Daniella P.. Universidad Católica de Temuco; Chil
Revisiting the 16 Cygni planet host at unprecedented precision and exploring automated tools for precise abundances
The binary system 16 Cygni is key in studies of the planet-star chemical
composition connection, as only one of the stars is known to host a planet.
This allows us to better assess the possible influence of planet interactions
on the chemical composition of stars that are born from the same cloud and
thus, should have a similar abundance pattern. In our previous work, we found
clear abundance differences for elements with Z between both components
of this system, and a trend of these abundances as a function of the
condensation temperature (T), which suggests a spectral chemical
signature related to planet formation. In this work we show that our previous
findings are still consistent even if we include more species, like the
volatile N and neutron capture elements (Z 30). We report a slope with
T of dex K, that is good agreement
with both our previous work and recent results by Nissen and collaborators. We
also performed some tests using ARES and iSpec to automatic measure the
equivalent width and found T slopes in reasonable agreement with our
results as well. In addition, we determine abundances for Li and Be by spectral
synthesis, finding that 16 Cyg A is richer not only in Li but also in Be, when
compared to its companion. This may be evidence of planet engulfment,
indicating that the T trend found in this binary system may be a chemical
signature of planet accretion in the A component, rather than a imprint of the
giant planet rocky core formation on 16 Cyg B.Comment: 11 pages, 5 figures, accepted for publication in A&
Constraining a possible time-variation of the gravitational constant through "gravitochemical heating" of neutron stars
A hypothetical time-variation of the gravitational constant would cause
neutron star matter to depart from beta equilibrium, due to the changing
hydrostatic equilibrium. This forces non-equilibrium beta processes to occur,
which release energy that is invested partly in neutrino emission and partly in
heating the stellar interior. Eventually, the star arrives at a stationary
state in which the temperature remains nearly constant, as the forcing through
the change of is balanced by the ongoing reactions. Comparing the surface
temperature of the nearest millisecond pulsar, PSR J0437-4715, inferred from
ultraviolet observations, with our predicted stationary temperature, we
estimate two upper limits for this variation: (1) yr, if we allow direct Urca reactions operating in the neutron
star core, and (2) yr, considering only
modified Urca reactions. Both results are competitive with those obtained by
other methods, with (2) being among the most restrictive.Comment: 4 pages, including 2 figures. Accepted for publication in Phys. Rev.
Lett. Revised version includes minor changes in the wording, and more
substantial changes in the last 2 paragraphs (Discussion and Conclusions).
Equations, figures, and results are unchange
Fundamental stellar parameters of benchmark stars from CHARA interferometry. I. Metal-poor stars
Benchmark stars are crucial as validating standards for current as well as
future large stellar surveys of the Milky Way. However, the number of suitable
metal-poor benchmarks is currently limited. We aim to construct a new set of
metal-poor benchmarks, based on reliable interferometric effective temperature
() determinations and a homogeneous analysis with a desired
precision of in . We observed ten late-type metal-poor
dwarf and giants: HD2665, HD6755, HD6833, HD103095, HD122563, HD127243,
HD140283, HD175305, HD221170, and HD224930. Only three of the ten stars
(HD103095, HD122563, and HD140283) have previously been used as benchmarks. For
the observations, we used the high angular resolution optical interferometric
instrument PAVO at the CHARA array. We modelled angular diameters using 3D limb
darkening models and determined directly from the
Stefan-Boltzmann relation, with an iterative procedure to interpolate over
tables of bolometric corrections. Surface gravities () were estimated
from comparisons to Dartmouth stellar evolution model tracks. We collected
spectroscopic observations from the ELODIE and FIES spectrographs and estimated
metallicities () from a 1D non-LTE abundance analysis of
unblended lines of neutral and singly ionized iron. We inferred
to better than for five of the stars (HD103095, HD122563, HD127243,
HD140283, and HD224930). The of the other five stars are
reliable to between ; the higher uncertainty on the for
those stars is mainly due to their having a larger uncertainty in the
bolometric fluxes. We also determined and with
median uncertainties of and ,
respectively. These ten stars can, therefore, be adopted as a new, reliable set
of metal-poor benchmarks.Comment: 13 pages, 7 figures, 8 tables + 10 online tables, abstract shortened
to meet arXiv requirements, accepted in A&
Magnetoencephalographic assessment of changes in brain activity in normal aging when performing a task under interference conditions
Determinar si la realización de una tarea de reconocimiento con interferencia activa, producía cambios en los patrones de activación cerebral con respecto a la presentación de otra con interferencia pasiva. Población y metodología: en veinte ancianos sanos se midió con magnetoencefalografía. Se realizó a cada uno de
ellos la escala de Memoria de Wechsler-III (WMS-III), la escala de Inteligencia de Wechsler, el Boston Naming Test, el test de fluidez verbal, el test de clasificación de tarjetas de Wisconsin, el trail Making Test y el test de colores y palabras (STROOP). Los registros se llevaron a cabo mediante un magnetoencefalógrafo de 148 canales capaz de medir la actividad magnética generada en toda la convexidad craneal.
Resultados: encontramos una mayor activación en la condición de interferencia activa en las regiones mediales temporales, corteza visual, y región ventral anterior durante los primeros 400 milisegundos en el hemisferio izquierdo y únicamente en el derecho para la corteza visual, mientras que en la condición de interferencia pasiva, se obtuvo una
mayor activación en la región ventral anterior durante los 700-800 milisegundos en el hemisferio izquierdo. Conclusión: la presentación de estos dos tipos de interferencia, activa y pasiva, modula los patrones de activación fronto-temporales en el envejecimiento normalTo determine whether performing a recognition task under interference conditions produces changes in brain activity pattern compared with the activity seen under conditions of passive interference. Population and methods: Twenty healthy elderly subjects were subjected to magnetoencephalography. In each patient we applied the Wechsler Memory Scale-III (WMS-III), the Wechsler Intelligence Scale, the Boston Naming Test, the verbal fluency test, the Wisconsin card classification test, the Trail Making Test and the colors and words test (STROOP). The recordings were made using a 148-channel magnetoencephalograph capable of measuring the magnetic activity generated within the entire cranial convexity. Results: Greater activation was recorded under active interference conditions in the medial temporal regions, visual cortex and anterior ventral area in the first 400 ms in the left hemisphere and only in the right hemisphere for the visual cortex, while under passive interference conditions, increased activation was obtained in the anterior ventral region during the 700-800 ms in the left hemisphere. Conclusion: The presentation of both types of interference, active and passive, modulates the fronto-temporal activation patterns in normal agin
Energy production in varying {\alpha} theories
Aims. On the basis the theoretical model proposed by Bekenstein for
{\alpha}'s variation, we analyze the equations that describe the energy
exchange between matter and both the electromagnetic and the scalar fields.
Methods. We determine how the energy flow of the material is modified by the
presence of a scalar field. We estimate the total magnetic energy of matter
from the "sum rules techniques". We compare the results with data obtained from
the thermal evolution of the Earth and other planets. Results. We obtain
stringent upper limits to the variations in {\alpha} that are comparable with
those obtained from atomic clock frequency variations. Conclusions. Our
constraints imply that the fundamental length scale of Bekenstein's theory "lB"
cannot be larger than Planck's length "lP"
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